Heating apparatus



Nov. 4, 1952 E. H. HAUGEN 2,616,402

HEATING APPARATUS Filed May 16, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet l l/VVE/VTOR Edmond H. Haugen Attorneys Nov. 4, 1952 E. H. HAUGEN 2,616,402

HEATING APPARATUS Filed May 16, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 W/MA/T/ At/orneys' Nov. 4, 1952 E. H. HAUGEN 2,616,402

HEATING APPARATUS I Filed May 16, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig 8 INVENTOR Edmond H. Hgugen Attorneys Nov. 4, 1952 E. H. HAUGEN HEATING APPARATUS 4 Sheeis-Sheet 4 Filed May 16, 1949 Attorneys Patented Nov. 4, 1952 UNITED, STATES OFFICE This .;ilinvention;=.;relates'1' to Lheatin'g apparatus andzmoreparticularly toi'azspecial, boiler construc:.;,.

tion; which :-.=is :adaptable-tfor heating, systems i. in 2 small housing units.

Thejzheatin'g apparatus of tthex-inventionsessena v tially icomprises-ta .boiler. :construction .wherein the interio'rof boiler -'is:' separated intol=lower and upper primary 1 and secondaryheat exchange chambers: wherein the products of combustion ofthe'a liquid :fuel: \burner; are intimately-associated with 'lthearboiler: .wa-lls for efficient heat 1 exchange withrithe water scolumrr backing the walls, and" associated'sbafile and cover constructions render-4 ing' theiinterionof -itheiboiler which has noopenings in its sides-accessible from-the top.

Itiis a. major objectof my invention --to provide a novel-l fabricated boilerconstructionwherein lower and upper =primary and secondary :heatex-w change :chambe rs backed by a water column areseparatedby a restricted throat and the-internal walls of the 'boi-len are smooth and substantia'lly' uninterrupted tor non-turbulent passage therealong of the 1 hot products-of combustion -ar-isin Itis-'a further object of-theinvention-to provide-a novelia'bricated boilerconstruction wherein' inner sheet-metal members defining the primary' and.- secondary--heat-exchange chambers and an outer'sheetmetal shell-areweldedtogetherto enclose the water spacerthe'smooth' internalwallsiof-the boiler providing "a continuous path for flowof the hot-productsof-combustionthere- I over before'iescaping through the flue outlet.-

It "isa further object of the invention topro-- videia novel top covenand an associated bafile, construction 'fora boiler'wh-ich has no side'0pen'-= ing and' has-its bottom'close'd' by' a hearth sup porting a fluid iuelburner; the covertaffording access :to the interior of the boi1er-fromabove and? the baill'e" providing flow direction of the product's'ofcombustion.

It is the further object 'oflmy' invention' to" provide a novel .heating'apparatus wherein a 3 combined expansion tankjand 'domestieh'ot water heater, is'mounted in novel; association with such a boiler.

A further object of theinvention is to provide". a novel heating apparatus wherein awfabricated boiler and. an expansion tank are mounted with-' in the, same casingjand wherein is provided a. novel top cover construction for the boiler af-. fording access to" the vboiler from above and.

thr'oughthe space between the boiler and the ex: pansion tank;

Further objects of the invention will presently appear asithedescription proceeds; in connection with the appended claims; and the annexed;

drawings wherein .1

Figureil is1a section substantially onrlinea lrl- I of Figure; 2 illustrating a heater having ,a novel;

boiler and top; cover construct-ion according to a;

preferred; embodiment-f the-invention;

Figure; 2 isgatoppla'n .viewoithe heaterqof' Figural withithezcovenremovedon one sideof; a center; line :tozillustratemthe; top 'ofrthe; boiler.

Figurer'3 I21; sect-ionyon. linet;3l3 :ofzFigilre -2 illustrating thecboil'erland; cover construction par-.

ticularhfi atthej smoke outlet Figure :4 is .a bottom plan-viewof the-dome :7

bafiie and cover plate assembly;

Figure:5.is a front elevation of the dome bafflemh and cover "plate assembly of Figure 4 Figure 6 is a fragmentaryrsection. illustrating. a combined boiler and expansion tank apparatusaccording to a furtherembodiment of -th'e in-.

vention Figure '7 isa section substantially on-line 1-1 a of Figure 6 illustrating furtherthe top cover con----- 'structionofthe boiler in this embodiment of the invention; and

Figure 8 '-is a fragmentary section- =il1ustrating the manner in which the boiler-may be attachedxr.

to a cement hearth.

With reference to'F-igures 1 through '5, a boiler Y assembly indicated atd lismounted within a sheetmetaleasing I2 which has a removable 1 top cover assembly |3-that-fits witha friction fit on-upper-rimi4 of the'casing. InsulationlE occupies the-spacebetween the casing and-theboilers The-boilershellj which is made as a separate sub-assembly;- comprises an outer W cylindrical member-l6 having-a smooth'inside wall and no side openingsr The; boiler shell further com-- prises two vertically spacedcylindrical members l1 and l8-which may 'beof' the same diameter; but preferablygthe upper shell is smaller'in di-- ameter toyinsure more-intimate scouring of'its' inner wall'b'y the outgoing hot combustion gases. Cylinders I"l=-a n'd 18 are concentric and at their adjacent ends the top of'cylind'erll is provided with a flat annular -end"wall l9 and the lower end of cylinder I8 is provided with afiat'annular end wall 2|? Thecentral circular aligned 'aper-" tures in annular Walls; [Sand 2 [are of the same size, and a relatively short, cylindrical member 22 is mounted in these: apertures interconnecting annular walls I 9 and! Ix'a'nd' preferably project's ing a short distance into the interior of member I8 for a purpose to be described. End walls I9 and 2| are welded about their outer peripheries to the adjacent edges of cylinders I! and I8 respectively, and at the apertures in end walls I9 and 2I they are Welded to the outer periphery of cylinder 22, whereby the whole is an integral unit wherein cylinder 22 provides a restricted throat between the lower primary combustion chamber within member I? and the upper secondary combustion chamber within member I8. These welded joints are fluid tight.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the lower end of member Il terminates short of the lower end of member I6, and a narrow fiat annulus 23 bridges the space between the lower ends of members I6 and I7, preferably being welded to both of them all along its peripheries so as to form a fluid tight bottom wall for the water space of the boiler.

Similarly, a sheet metal annulus 24 is Welded or otherwise permanently secured to provide a water tight top wall between the upper ends of members I6 and I8, annulus as being disposed a small distance below the upper ends of these members in order that the seating of the cover will not be disturbed as will appear.

This fabricated boiler sub-assembly is thus made up of a number of sheet metal, preferably fire resistant sheet steel about one fourth of an inch thick, elements which are readily formed and welded together in water relation to provide a boiler unit that is open at both top and bottom and divided into a larger lower primary combustion chamber and a smaller upper second ary combustion chamber. The use of thin metal walls in such a boiler is novel in concept in this field because most boilers hitherto have been made from heavy iron and like castings, but I have found this sheet metal construction is unexpectedly advantageous in that the thin metal walls heat up very quickly as soon as the burner is in operation and they speedily transfer heat to the water, whereby this heating apparatus is far more quickly responsive and gets up to house heating temperature much more quickly than most other heater apparatus.

A sheet metal annulus 25 is welded with a gas tight joint about its outer periphery to the lower edge of cylindrical member I6 well below the.

lower end of member IT. This annulus 25 is adapted to support the hearth assembly which comprises a laminated plate 26 of sheet metal and heat insulation secured as by bolts or the like to annulus 25 so as to be removable from the assembly. An electric motor driven oil burner distributor unit 21 is removably secured as by stud and wing nut assemblies 28 to the bottom of plate 26 and a distributor head 29 driven thereby projects through an aperture in the hearth up into the interior of the boiler within the primary combustion chamber. There the distributor head is surrounded by a shield 30 and an oil atomizing and vaporizing rim 3| substantially the same as that illustrated in United States Letters Patent No. 2,360,891, whereby oil delivered by the distributor head is atomized and mixed with air and ignited by ignitor 32, and the hot products of combustion directed by shield 39 into contact with the inner cylindrical surface of member I'I. As illustrated in Figure l the cylindrical shield telescopes well up into the interior of cylinder I! so that no particular dimensions need be observed in assembly.

The entire boiler assembly including the hearth and the motor is supported on suitable legs (not 4 shown). A separate bottom casing 33 which houses the control mechanism and coil supply means for the burner and through which access may be gained through a suitable door below the level of hearth 26 may be provided but since all of this is not part of the present invention per se, it need not be further described to understand the invention. "Q

Referring now to Figure 2, it will be observed that upper member I8 is not a complete cylinder but is open at one side and formed with spaced parallel outwardly extending walls 34 and 35 defining a flue outlet which as will appear is the outlet for the combustion products. In line with this outlet, outer member I6, see Figure 3, is formed with a suitable recess 35 in its top edge which is located above chamber end wall 2I for receiving the inwardly projecting portion of a.

- smoke outlet hood 3! that is secured to member I6 as by bolts 38 passing through side lugs 39 as shown in Figure 2. This joint between the walls of the smoke hood and cylindrical member I6 includes some gas tight material to prevent the escape of smoke into the room. At its top edge, smoke hood 3'! is formed with a fiat ridge ll which lies in the same horizontal plane as the flat top edges of members I6 and I8 so that the cover assembly indicated at 2 will have a continuous seat entirely around the top edge of the boiler which will seal against the escape of smoke except through the smoke outlet hood 31..

The cover assembly d2, comprises a sheet metal disk 63 on the lower surface of which is secured a layer of flexible asbestos or like insula tion material 48 adapted to contact the flat top edges of members l6 and I8 and the fiat top edge 4| of the smoke hood. The cover seals against the outlet of smoke by its own weight.

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a dome bafile and cover plate device which is mounted within the secondary combustion chamber in member I8 in concentric relation to the boiler axis and the purpose of which is to direct products of combustion which enter the secondary heat exchange chamber through throat 22 from escaping through the flue outlet before they are intimately directed along the walls of member I8 to extract all heat possible therefrom. This device comprises a sheet metal plate 45 which is preferably an annulus having a circular central opening 46. A bafile member i! which is preferably a short sheet metal cylinder having the cylindrical side wall thereof removed for a sector opening 48 of about degrees has its upper edge welded to the bottom of plate 45 concentric with aperture 45. This device is placed in the secondary heat exchange chamber with the lower edge of baffle 41 resting on wall 2I and with opening 48 disposed in degrees displaced relation with respect to the smoke hood. Bafile' 47 is slightly shorter than the axial height of member I8 so that, when this battle and plate assembly is disposed. in the secondary combustionv chamber in concentric relation to' the throat 22 and with the lower edge of the bafile resting on annulus 2I, the entire bafile assembly will be below the level of cover 42. A radial plate 50 is secured to plate 25 and extends into the smoke outlet space between walls 34 and 35.

Throat 22 extends telescopingly well up into the interior of baffle 41 so that the baflie in effect ver; 42 ..in,-.;radia;1ly. spacedrelaltion; to the zbafiles o oncentric. therewith and also extends: down-1.3.. wardly well into the interionof throat. 22.. as illus-.- trated in Figure 1... sleevem hasits upper edge... secured. as, by, angles 49 .to the. lower surface... 5 of a circular sheet metal plate 5| which in.the.; assembly rests freely onthe upper. surfaceof bafile assembly plate 45.;with :thedeflector, sleeve. extending freely through opening, 46.. A pair; of. studsfia .Jare .threadedly. mounted. in cover 25.. and; extend fre 'ely through suitable.aperturesinplate. 5| toterminatein large .heads 5f|.at thesame-leveh. below. plate. 5 I... Thus plate 5|. is. freely, movable... along thesestuds toward andaway. fromthecover 42 .andwthe. stud. heads 57. preventthe .platejl; l5 fromt-becoming detached from; the. cover. .Suit-; able; lock nuts .58.;are provided for regulating. the}; effective-distance of'heads .51.;from. the. coverand. thereby. for regulating.- the limitof 'travelrofs plate; 5|;

Alsoemounteduonncover d2; areza plurality Ofzx studs;.59..which have smooth lower shanks 6| .ex-.. tending freely through suitable openings in plate 5| and .alsothrough the. aperture 36. of plate 45...

Thesestuds also have lock .nuts fi2 whereby they maybeaxially adjusted. There are three of these. studs 59; preferably about 120 degrees. apart, and all .areon thesame. radius about:the boileraxls; The functionofthesestuds is to centerthe baflie assembly with respect .to the boiler since the circle clrcumscribing' the .outer edges ofthe stud shanks... 6 .isapproximately the samediameter 1 as opening 4%}, whereby when cover a2 is in place thesethreeistuds will not-pass through the open-- ing -46.until the baiileassembly' is radially. shifted into central position .withrespect" to the boiler shel1..

Thusit will be. seen that-When the covertZ i's placedon top. of the boiler as in Figure 1, the bafifle assembly. being already in chamber l8, the 40 deflecting sleeve assembly drops down to rest upon thebaffleassembly, and the bafileassembly is oen- V tered by studs 5.).Which will'not' permit the cover to seat .untilbaffietl is concentric with the boiler. The-studsifipermit such upward displacement of 5 the deflector. sleeve assembly asmay benecessary and-regardless of smallmanufacturingand dimensional errors. thedefiector sleeve 46 is always seatedconcentric with baffle 4'! and the throat 22 in the assembly.

A viewing. aperture 63is providedin the centerof casing cover l3 which may contain a cemented" sightv glass for viewing the flamewithin the-- lower part of the secondary combustion-chamber through apertures- 64 in thecoverand 65in the'plate 5|.

In operation, the hot products of combustionafter. having travelled upwardly along the walls of the. lower primary combustion chamberrise upwardly. through throat 22 and discharge into 0 the secondary combustion chamber at Ill. 'The chiefpurpose of the deflector sleeve 4i! is todefleet-gases from: arising to apertures and 64', plate.5| also forming a deflector baifle in'the assembly. Preferably aperture 64 is closed by 65 an openable cap (not shown) so thatif any-smokeshould arise to this levelit will not enter the i-nteriorof thecasing cover. The smoke and other r products ofcombustion discharged into the secondary combustion chamber at l8 are directed by bafileiilfirst toward the wall portion of "member l8 which. is diametrically opposite the smoke outlet. These productsof combustion then turn and.flowalongthe-interior wall of member l8 in thedirect-ion of the arrow of Figure-'2 and finallylfi escape between the-walla 3||;and:35 into-the smokers.

outlet -hood;.31,..thereby insuring.:maximumlengtha:

of .passagetof; the ,hot' products .of.-icombustion:..-.\ along; the; chamber. walls and hence: most .lefiicientl heat trans-fer..to...-the:1water back-ing the -'.wa-lls i When: it .is .desired to inspect the; )flamesitds only necessary to Jock.througnopening.6-3sin the.

C v r-sand the sizeancl location of openings-B4 and 65 such. that it permits the entirefiame rimtow. ibe -visiblei from thez.top-.of thercasing. whenelt is desired; to.:gain .accessto '.the-:bottom-.--ofnthes:

lower: combustion.chamberi-aa I, itis only. neces-.-.:

sary to remove: outer: casing cover. I 3 .and cover .1 42.

theiopen :upperend of :memb'er: |81;:and= throat 2 2:

When: it is desired ato resume operation: of zthe burner. it 1 is only Inecessa-ry -tozdrop in -the Ybaflie assembly. substantially in approximately-its-prop er position and then-drop the cover-fi'2 onto :thetop of the boiler assembly,:. manipulating it until the baffle becomes centered: by studs 6| and then replacingcasing cover -|=3.

Within-the boiler shellfo'r connection witn-the space heating systemof-the: building inwhich 1 the apparatusissmounted. The thin-walled boiler=which has such ahigh rateof heat. transfer:-

with the water is ideally adapted to a pressure system: wherea small amount ofrwater is circulated: relatively speedily' between tha boiler and thespace heaters whereby maximum efiic'i'ency of operation is obtained;- For example'such aboiler unit successfully :tested has a-he'ating -surface of 9.7 square feet and a watercapacity:ofa24acubic feet with aheating capacity of- B.'-t. w per-hour;-

In the:- embod-iment of the invention illustratedin Figures 6 and 7, the boiler assembly of the previous embodiment is combined-with-a com--- binationexpansion tank and domesticwaterheatingunit which is mounted ina common casing' above the boiler unit-and suitably connected-tout as will be described,

A plurality of upstanding-rigid posts =66=-are welded or otherwise secured about the periphery of outer boiler member: I6 an-d=-to these -=-are secured: as: by bolt assemblies 61 to corresponding depending legs -68 welded -or: otherwise suitablysecured about a combination expansion tank and domestic heatingwater tank fis Tank-69 preferably comprises a cylindrical shell ll having-"secured to it'upperand lower cup -shaped headers" and 1-3 with their' peripheries welded-:-

in water tight relation within the. adjacent ends:

of the shell '1 Preferably the headers :72 and I 13 are identical except that the lowerheader'is provided with a drain outlet closed by a plug'fl land the upper header:has cemented orotherwise secured to it an externallayen of insulation-material" 15.

Supported within tank (i9). as by 'bracket x'lfig any number of which may-be provided about the interior of the tank, is a coil of copper -orzliketubing whi'chfhas terminal. couplingsr'lfi extend'.-.. ing in fluid tight relation through shell'||.. Couw plings 'lfl are suitably connected to :thedomi-zstica:

hotwater circuit.

An external conduit '|9 connects boiler-unit permanently with tank- 69 whereby hot waterfrom the boiler first enters tank (til -before passing to the space-heaterdevices. outlet-fitting= 1 feeds-hot water-to the space heaters tnot shown-)- If necessary the operationmay also.remove the free baflle assembly, thereby rendcring -the entire. interior ofthe boiler- -:accessiblethrough Suitable water inlet .and -outletconduit "fittin (not shown) areprovided for the: water space-- and a branch 82 connectedto a by-pass return line 83 leading to the fitting 84 at the bottom of the boiler unit. Fitting 84 also has a branch 85 connecting with the return line of the space heater circuit, and fitting 84 preferably contains an internal valve which closes branch 85 except when the circuit pump is in operation to prevent dissipation of hot water into the space heater circuit when it is not desired there. Such a valve per se is disclosed and claimed in the copending application of James H. Miller Serial No. 53,269 filed October 7, 1948 to which reference is made for further detail if necessary to understand the present invention.

Casing l2 and the boiler unit and associated burner enclosed thereby are preferably substantially the same as in Figure 1. In place of cover l3, however, there is friction fitted on rim M an upright cylindrical casing extension 86 closed at the top by a cover 81. A layer of insulation 88 is provided between casing 86 and the tank 69. The length of legs 68 is such that a considerable space 89 is provided between the top of the boiler unit and the bottom of the expansion tank, and a removable door Bil is provided in the wall of casing extension 86 whereby access may be gained to this space for the purpose of draining tank 69 or removing the boiler cover 9i for access to the interior of boiler it through its top.

Cover 9!, like cover 42, is a laminated sheet metal and; insulation disk adapted to seat by its own weight on top of the boiler. One difference is that the diameter of cover 95 is much smaller in this embodiment wherein it is substantially only little larger than the diameter of cylinder it so that it will not interfere with the mounting of easing extension 83 upon the rim.

A radial cover extension 92, as illustrated in Figure '7, is rigidly secured to cover 9i and extends into contact with the inner periphery of casing extension 85 overlying boiler walls 34 and 35 and rim 41 of the smoke hood for insuring that no smoke escapes to the space 89. Two studs 83 project downwardly from cover extension 92 to engage the inner sides of boiler walls 34 and 35 to properly locate the cover on the boiler..

The deflector sleeve assembly and the baiile unit within thesecondary chamber 38 are substantially the same as described in the earlier embodiment. Sight aperture St in the cover is closed by a hinged cover plate 94.

It will be seen therefore that after removing door 95 there is adequate space for a workman or inspector to gain access to cover St. A suitable drain cook 95 is provided in the side of tank 69 for drawing off excess water from the system.

Suitable controls are provided (not shown) for insuring that the oil burner is operated whenever either the domestic hot water system or the space heater system demands heat, and the rapidity with which the sheet metal boiler heats the water therein is particularly advantageous in both systems for insuring speedy and emcient operation.

Figure 8 illustrates an alternative permanent hearth construction for boiler unit ii, wherein the bottom edge of the boiler shell is embedded about the periphery, a hearth ofrefractory cement 95 supported on a steel plate 98.

The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the

scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is:

1. Heating apparatus comprising a boiler shell open at top and bottom and having an intermediate restricted throat between lower primary and upper secondary combustion chambers, said shell having a lateral flue passage therethrough in communication with said upper chamber, a hearth and fuel distributor assembly closing the lower end of said shell, a removable cover assembly closing the upper end of said shell, a tubular baflie assembly of smaller cross-section than said secondary combustion chamber separate from the boiler shell for controlling flow of products of combustion entering said secondary combustion chamber through said throat mounted in said secondary combustion chamber between the cover assembly and said boiler shell, said baflle being laterally apertured opposite said flue passage, and said cover assembly comprising a part mounted across the upper end of said boiler shell and a relatively movable horizontal plate mounted for vertical movement under said part and resting on said bafiie in the assembled apparatus.

2. In heating apparatus, an open topand open bottom boiler shell comprising a cylindrical sheet metal outer wall, vertically spaced upper and lower cylindrical sheet metal inner walls surrounded by and spaced from said outer wall and enclosing upper and lower combustion chambers, said cylindrical walls having parallel vertical elements, said lower chamber enclosing wall having a smooth imperi'orate internal surface of circular cross-section and said upper chamber enclosing wall having a smooth internal surface of circular cross-secticn interrupted only by a lateral flue outlet and said chambers being substantially unobstructed internally, a hollow cylindrical member of substantially circular cross-section defining a restricted throat between said chambers, transverse walls within the shell connecting the adjacent ends of said inner cylindrical walls to said throat member, and transverse end Walls on the shell connecting the upper and lower ends of said outer cylindrical wall to said upper and lower inner cylindrical walls respectively, to define a vertically continuous water column backing said chambers.

3. In heating apparatus, a boiler shell com-- prising an upper combustion chamber having a lateral line outlet aperture and a bottom wall with a throat opening to admit products of combustion, a baffle assembly comprising a tubular baffie member seated upon said bottom wall surrounding said throat opening and having a lateral aperture on the side opposite said flue outlet aperture, an inwardly extending lateral extension on said baifle assembly, a cover assembly seated with the sleeve when the cover is removed from the boiler shell, and means on said cover assembly adapted to engage and center the baffle assembly in said chamber when the cover is on the boiler shell.

4. In heating apparatus, a boiler shell having an upwardly open upper combustion chamber formed with an inlet throat in its bottom Wall and a flue outlet in a side wall, a tubular bafiie member seated on said bottom Wall in surrounding relation to said throat and having a lateral outlet opposite said flue outlet, a removable cover assembly extending across the top of said shell, and means on said cover assembly depending Within said chamber for engaging and centering said baffle member with said throat.

EDMOND H. HAUGEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

Number 10 UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Richardson Aug. 7, 1883 Button Feb. 9, 1886 Kenny Feb. 15, 1898 Maxwell Oct. 3, 1899 Miller Feb. 20, 1912 Davis Mar. 26, 1918 Hunter June 5, 1923 Wenderhold Apr. 12, 1932 McCathron Jan. 22, 1935 Matthews Oct. 27, 1936 Goerg Jan. 9, 1940 Alexander July 29, 1941 Pruitt Feb. 16, 1943 Koppel Sept. 25, 1945 Pierce et al Oct. 18, 1949 

